JOURNAL PAPER

Haque, A., Transit Oriented Development (TOD) in Dhaka: Measuring Spatial Potential from Node Place Perspective, Transport Research procedia, (accepted), 2024.
Haque, A., A Scoping Review of Transit Impacts on Residential Rents, The Jahangirnagar Review (special issue), Social Science Faculty, Jahangirnagar University; Savar: Dhaka, 2022.
Haque, A. and Rahman, M., Cost and Affordability Paradox of Transit System: Land Value Capture as Mainstreaming Tool for Transit Affordability in Dhaka City, Contemporary Issues in Social Sciences, pp.15-28., October 2022,.
Haque, A. and Kabir, S., Transit Induced Gentrification: Possible threat for TOD Planning in the Socio-economic Context of Dhaka, Preprint, doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.23671.04003
Haque, A., COVID 19 and Changes in Travel Behavior: Is there any 'New Normal'?, Covid 19 Magazine of BIP, Bangladesh Institute of Planners (BIP), 2020.

_{The world is facing a global crisis, perhaps the biggest crisis of our generation. The COVID-19 (also known as coronavirus) outbreak started in December 2019. The World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a pandemic in March 2020. In their battle against COVID 19, several governments have already deployed the new surveillance tools or measures, such as closing schools, shops, restaurants and bars, prohibiting public events and stimulating or imposing working from home. These measures can all be labeled as “social distancing”. One of the significant impacts of which has been the reduction in passenger transport demand, because of government lockdowns along with fears of contracting and spreading the virus when using mass transport modes.}

Haque, A., (etal), Knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Population-level estimation and a comparison of data obtained by phone and online survey methods, (preprint), doi: 10.1101/2020.05.26.20104497

_{Peoples' adherence to the guidelines and measures suggested in fighting the ongoing covid 19 pandemic is partly determined by the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of the population. In this cross-sectional study we primarily addressed two key issues, first to determine whether there is a significant differences in the estimated covid 19 knowledge level from the online and phone survey methods and second, the study tried to quantify the knowledge and attitude of people in response to covid 19.}

Haque, A., Kabir, S. and Khan, A., Transit Oriented Development (TOD) in Dhaka: Opportunities and Challenges for (Re)development around Stations, Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 13 , pp.1249-1260, 2019 . doi: https://doi.org/10.11175/easts.13.1249

_{Land (re)development is an integral part of TOD planning especially in the areas that are already built. Dhaka the capital city of Bangladesh is a densely populated spontaneous city with narrow roads, inadequate pedestrian facilities, unplanned structures, inappropriate land use mix and weak policy enforcing environment. TOD planning here is more difficult than other cities of the developed world.This study has considered an empirical case station, analyzesthe spatial attributes that theoretically defines TOD and available policy documents to identify the opportunities and challenges of (re)development for TOD planning in Dhaka.Study has recognized land readjustment for the under developed parts of the study area as the best suitable land redevelopment tool in the context of Dhaka to integrate land use with proposed transit stations after evaluating the existing physical form of the city,relevant policies and TOD practices of different cities.} 

Haque, A., Theoretical Aspects of Transit Oriented Development: Fact and Forces for Successful TOD, Jahangirnagar University Planning Review , 2019 .

_{During the past few decades, transit-oriented development (TOD) has emerged as a popular and influential planning concept around the world to integrate transit with land use. This is a promising strategy where compact, mixed-use neighborhoods are being realized around existing or new public transit stations, restrict urban sprawl and simulate sustainable travel mode. TOD is not a ‘one-size-fits-all’ concept rather more context sensitive. TOD literature unveils numerous forms of TOD in terms of definition, implementation strategies and purposes. This study is an attempt to shed light on those theoretical aspects includes the context specific form, purpose of TOD and the common mechanism that underpin the success of TOD through reviewing broad literature on TOD. Study found that despite of the differences, there are some common features and prerequisite for successful planning of TOD This theoretical insight about the purpose and form of emergence, role of transport land-use feedback cycle and their underpinning forces in TOD planning would help the urban planner and policy makers of the cities aspiring to become transit-oriented.}

Haque, A., Sharna, F. K. and Khan, A., Theorizing land value capture for TOD financing: Empirical attention on Hong Kong's (R+P) model, Jahangirnagar University Review, 2017.

_{A good public transport system is often one of the defining features of a city. However, even in the world’s great public transport systems, fares do not fully cover infrastructure project costs, substantial government subsidies are required to build, maintain, and operate. One of the challenges faced by cities is where this money should come from. While urban rail transit has gained increasing popularity, there are still many problems regarding financial resources. Land Value Capture (LVC) can be a solution of that. Each of the LVC mechanism comes with its own opportunities and shortcomings, and the success rate depends on local context, policy environment and market forces. This paper aims to review the concept of LVC to provide an insight about the LVC’s notion and practice, uses the case of R+P model of Hong Kong that is one of the world’s successful LVC mechanisms for exploring new financing mode of urban rail transit.}

Haque, A., Kabir, S. and Khan, A., Is the Railway plus Property model of Hong Kong replicable in Dhaka’s TOD?, Jahangirnagar University Review , 2018.

_{Value capture is the public recovery of a portion of increased property value induced by transit or other public infrastructure investment. Cities around the world are increasingly looking toward innovative funding sources and strategies along with TOD planning; Land value capture (LVC) is one of them. Like other transit-oriented cities of the world, relying solely on fare revenue was barely sufficient for Hong Kong to cover the construction and maintenance costs of the transit. Therefore, they introduce an integrated rail-property development model which is more than a simple combination of railway and property and brands Hong Kong as one of the most successful public transport systems in the world. Property-related revenue has enabled MTR to not only pay off debts but also invest in the construction of the railway to generate net profits to finance the service. This study aims to review the mechanism of Hong Kong’s R+P model and its transferability to offer insights and strategies for Dhaka city which is aspiring to become transit-oriented.}

Haque, A., TOD and Node-place Synergistic Effect around Stations: A Case Study on Hong Kong, Jahangirnagar University Planning Review (under review), 2020 .

_{Mass transit not only provides convenient transportation but also underpin the attractiveness of areas around the stations. The story behind this phenomenon is the synergic effect between the accessibility and land use development. This study has tried to unveil the transit landuse synergistic effect around the MTR station in Hong Kong. Spatial Design Network Analysis (sDNA) was used to calculate the value of the Angular Betweenness Centrality for measuring accessibility; Land use development on the other hand measured through Simpson’s index using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) 10.5, are the two preselected variables to evaluate the synergy. 800 m radius around 84 MTR stations were studied. The result has identified the quality of TOD precinct from both node and place perspective using the node-place model of Bartolini, areas around the metro stations in new territories need to be improved. Although most areas around the metro stations in Kowloon and Hong Kong Island are performing well, there are still some imbalance that need proper planning actions. With these results in hand, TOD planning proposals can become more accurate by targeting investments on the most relevant or critical factors.}

Haque, A. and Sharna, F. K., From Rhetoric to Reality: Theories and Practices of TOD in Contextual Inherent, Jahangirnagar University Review (under review), 2019 .

_{Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is a fast-growing development strategy and becoming more popular among city planners. Development around mass transit station is a widely promoted strategy of which the basic idea is to develop relatively high-density development around the transit stations with mixed urban function. Its principles are gaining increasing popularity worldwide in the global effort toward sustainable transportation. However, the theoretical concept and practice of implementation varies context to context. This study is a systematic review about the TOD theories and implementation practices to compare the contextual form of TOD structured to answer the research question: what is the contextual practice of TOD from theoretical concept to implementation course? Purpose of this study is to explore the TOD concept theoretically and the contextual practices from the review of boarder TOD literature. The findings reveal that different countries adopted TOD concept to challenge different urban problems, like combat sprawl, nebulous city, land pressure, traffic demand management, etc. As a result, TOD implementation practice differs from country to country although the basic idea of TOD planning is same.} 

Haque, A., Hossain, S. M. N. and Rahman, M. M., Transfer of Development Rights (TDRs) as a Tool in Conservation of Heritage Buildings in Bangladesh: Prospects and Challenges, Jahangirnagar University Planning Review , 10, pp.51-59, Savar, Bngladesh , June, 2013.

_{Heritage buildings are significance forms and elements of a city. Preservation of these buildings is very important for its historical values. In the developing countries, where rapid development progressed, these heritage buildings are facing threat of being demolished. The existence of legislations seems not to be enough effective in curbing the demolition of these kinds of structures. It is believed that the lack of awareness of the buildings' significance, the lack of incentive to encourage conservation and the lack of options the heritage building owners could choose in developing their sites contribute to the factor of the disappearing of these invaluable urban fabrics. This paper focuses into the Transfer of Development Rights (TDRs), an incentive program or tool that can be used in conservation of heritage buildings. It is proposed that this TDRs program can be utilized by the heritage building owners as an option to balance the economic and preservation needs.}

Haque, A. and Anthea, F., Performance Evaluation of Kuril Flyover to Improve the Current Traffic Problem, Journal of the Bangladesh National Geographic Association (BNGA), 2015.
Influence of Accessibility on Socio-Economic Aspects of Rural People: A Case Study of Sutipara Union, Dhamrai, Jahangirnagar University Planning Review , 2015.
Hossain, N., Haque, A. and Alam, T., A Planning Perspective on the Problem of Unplanned Landuse Change in Dhaka City: A Case Study on Ward 46, The Jahangirnagar Review, XXXIV, 2010, published in 2014.
Haque, A., Kamal, S. and Hasan, M., Urban Intensification: The Evolution of Urban Sprawl and its Evidence on Landuse Transformation of Savar, The Jahangirnagar Review, 2012.
Haque, A. and Hossain, N. , Impact of Urbanizations on the Historical Sites of Dhaka City: A Case Study of Ahsan Manzil and Lalbagh Fort, Jahangirnagar Planning Review, 2012.

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CONFERENCE PAPER

Haque, A., Transit Oriented Development (TOD) in Dhaka: Measuring Spatial Potential from Node Place Perspective, 16th World Conference on Transport Research 2023, Montreal, Canada.,
Rahman,L., Baker, D., Haque, A., Sharif, S., and Jahan, R., Sociodemographic and travel-related correlates of residential mobility in Bangladesh, 16th World Conference on Transport Research 2023, Montreal, Canada,
Haque, A. and Chiu, R. L.H. , Challenges of Integrating Socio-cultural values in TOD: A Case Study of Dhaka, 50th Annual Conference of Urban Affairs Association, Washington, D.C., April 2-4, 2020 (accepted, conference cancelled due to Covid 19).

_{TOD is not ‘one size fit all’ concept. So, TOD planning varies from context to context. TOD encourage high density development around transit stations which directly influence the real estate market and ridership pattern. On the contrary, existing social-cultural features are important to underpin the travel behavior and also market demand for high density and high-rise housing facilities, which usually ignored by the planning authorities. The research method for this study has been designed focusing the question in mind is: what are the challenges that need to address for enabling TOD in Dhaka from socio-cultural perspective? This study tried to unveil the theory of locational efficiency or benefit conferred by the deliberate placement of high-rise housing close to public transport empirically from resident’s perspective in the socio-cultural context of a developing city. 384 household from existing residents were interviewed to explore their travel behavior pattern and agreement or dissonance about the TOD elements especially about high density and high-rise living environment. Mix method of analysis was adopted in the quest of searching the answer of the predesigned question. Finding suggest that there are several socio-cultural aspects like ridership pattern especially use of paratransit, locational preference for housing, dissonances about high rise living and land use diversity could influence the future TOD. Furthermore, it reveals that despite the socio-cultural challenges there still have potential for TOD planning. The study come up with the recommendation that integration of socio-cultural values is important and should integrate in TOD policy rather than replication of a TOD model borrowed from developed cities.} 

Haque, A. and Sharna, F. K., Transit Induced Gentrification: Threat for TOD Planning in the Socio-economic Context of Dhaka , 2020 World Symposium on Transport and Land Use Research, Portland, USA, 13-16 July, 2020 (accepted, conference postpone due to Covid 19).

_{Transit Oriented Development (TOD), adopted by different cities of the world as a solution of numerous urban problems like sprawling development, air pollution, regulating land development, car-oriented development, traffic congestion, etc. very little work has considered how transit system may impact social equity through land use changes. Theoretically, TOD can upsurge accessibility by transit proximity, which reflect in the high price of housing and land around the stations. This study shed a light on the transit-induced gentrification, a threat developing city face in planning TOD. Socioeconomic context of a developing city is quite different from the developed one. No rigorous empirical studies have looked specifically on the TOD association with gentrification, among the few, most are on developed cities. Using data on social, demographic, housing and travel behavior, this study has tried to evaluate the challenge of gentrification that Dhaka is going to face in TOD planning and implementation. Through evaluating relevant policies, the study has identified the policy gap that needs immediate attention for effective TOD planning in the context of Dhaka.} 

Haque, A., TOD Potential and the 6D’s in the Spatial Context of a Developing City: Comparison among planned and unplanned neighborhood, TRB Annual Meeting , Wahington, D. C, USA, 13-16 January, 2020.

_{The process of converting or transforming a station area is related to its spatial context and therefore the process must take into account the spatial configuration. For all its potential, the integration of transport-land use is a very complex planning challenge. A multifunctional array of both node and place-based actors crowd station area (re)development process. TOD measurement and evaluation are a bit different as the former one happens before implementation and the latter for after implementation. In the context of Dhaka special attention is needed on the existing land use to guide the future TOD planning. This study focuses on TOD measurement, as this will help to shed light on the need to be done for more effective TOD plan considering the built or spatial form within the proposed TOD precinct. This has particularly enlightened the development or transitioning potential of the case stations through a static picture measuring the balance between node and place. Existing spatial indicators for ‘5Ds’: density, diversity, distance, destination and design that accomplishes TOD definition, allied with (re)development potential or developability as another ‘D’ variable were used as the measuring indicators for realizing the synergistic benefit. Spatial analysis reveals that despite of organic development, Unplanned areas of Dhaka still has potential for TOD especially in terms of intersection density and walkability.}

Haque, A., Sharna, F. K. and Khan, A. , Transit Oriented Development (TOD) in Dhaka: Opportunities and Challenges for (Re)development around Stations, 13th International Conference of the East Asian Society for Transportation Studies (EASTS), Colombo, Sri Lanka, September 9-11, 2019.

_{Land (re)development is an integral part of TOD planning especially in the areas that are already built. Dhaka the capital city of Bangladesh is a densely populated spontaneous city with narrow roads, inadequate pedestrian facilities, unplanned structures, inappropriate land use mix and weak policy enforcing environment. TOD planning here is more difficult than other cities of the developed world.This study has considered an empirical case station, analyzesthe spatial attributes that theoretically defines TOD and available policy documents to identify the opportunities and challenges of (re)development for TOD planning in Dhaka.Study has recognized land readjustment for the under developed parts of the study area as the best suitable land redevelopment tool in the context of Dhaka to integrate land use with proposed transit stations after evaluating the existing physical form of the city,relevant policies and TOD practices of different cities.}

Haque, A., Sharna, F. K. and Khan, A., Social cost of TOD: Evaluation on housing affordability along MRT corridor in Dhaka applying H+T index, 15th World Conference on Transport Research Society (WCTR), Mumbai, India, 26-31 May, 2019.

_{Globally Transit Oriented Development (TOD) has become predominant planning tool to bring the maximum benefit from transit-land use synergy. TOD is credited for its high-density development around transit station to combat urban sprawl, improved accessibility to reduce auto oriented travel behavior, good urban design and pedestrian facility to bring quality of life and drive the real estate through land value uplift. However, all the broader benefits allied with some social cost as well. This study tries to explore that social cost by the means of housing affordability, applying H+T index. The context of developing countries are quite different from the developed ones which have long history of successful TOD implication. This study explores housing and transport along the five case stations of MRT line 6 in Dhaka, Bangladesh where the development authority has no previous TOD experiences associated with weak planning practice. The findings reveal the critical challenge for the developing countries because a major part of the population already living below the affordability level. It is tough to offset the increasing housing cost through lower transport cost if the interventions are not taken in right time. This study argues about the challenges of housing affordability in TOD that the planning authorities should realize earlier as well as the policy intrusions that should critically draw at the very initial stage of TOD planning considering the socioeconomic context and market forces.}

Haque, A., Transit and Spatial Development Synergy in a Developing City: Comparison between Planned and Unplanned Stations, 9th Annual International Conference on Urban Studies & Planning, Athens, Greece, 3-6 June 2019.
Mahmud, A. and Haque, A., Need Bases Sustainable Transport Planning for Dhaka City, Proceedings of the conference on Development and Democracy in Bangladesh: Problems and Prospects, BDI, University of California, Berkeley, USA, November 2015.
Haque, A. and Kabir, A., Impact of Increasing Car Ownership on Peak Traffic Volume in Dhaka: A Case Study of Dhanmandi Residential Area, Conference on Environment and Development, Planning Student’s Convention 2008, Department of URP, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh, May 10, 2008.

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BOOK CHAPTER

Haque, A., (etal), Dhaka for Future Generation: Public and Open Spaces, UN Habitat and Bangladesh Institutes of Planners (BIP), Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp.153-178, 2015.

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SEMINAR

Haque, A., Mass Transit for Sustainable Dhaka: Transit and Spatial Development Context, The University of Hong Kong, April, 2017.
Haque, A., Rail plus property (R+P) development Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, March, 2018.
Haque, A., Transit and Spatial Development Synergy in a Developing City, Centre of Urban Studies and Urban Planning, HKU, Hong Kong, January 2020.

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Research Project

Appropriate Parking Management Strategy for Successful TOD Planning of CBD Area, 2022-2023.

Funded by Faculty of Social Sciences

Preparatory Study on Urban Environment Improvement against COVID-19, 2021-2022.

Funded by JICA

Baseline Survey for TOD planning in Dhaka, 2020-2021.

Project of JICA for the Govt of Bangladesh. 

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OTHER

Haque, A., Transit and Spatial Development Synergy in developing city context , Report, 2016-2020.

_{Project funded under OBOR (One Belt One Road), Center of Urban Studies and Urban Planning, The University of Hong Kong}

Haque, A., Developing a Practical Guideline for Using Place Making as an Urban Design Tool, Report, 2015-2016.

_{Project funded by University Grant Commission (UGC), Bangladesh}

Haque, A., An Evaluation of the Current Project Management Practices of Bangladesh, Report, 2014-15.

_{Project funded by University Grant Commission (UGC), Bangladesh}

Haque, A., Urban Sprawl and the Cost of Local Service Delivery: A Case Study of Sirajganj, Report, 2013-14.

_{Project funded by University Grant Commission (UGC), Bangladesh}

Haque, A., Role of Water Transport in Urban Mobility: A Case Study of Dhaka City, Report, 2012-13.

_{Project funded by University Research Grant, Jahangirnagar University}

Haque, A., A Comprehensive Study on Socio-economic Aspect of Rural Accessibility: A Case Study of Sutipara Union, Report, 2011-12.

_{Project funded by University Research Grant, Jahangirnagar University}

Haque, A., Economic Importance of Transportation: A Case Study of Savar, Report, 2010-11.

_{Project funded by University Grant Commission (UGC), Bangladesh}

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